国际色彩大师Leo分享：色彩该如何设计？

 无论走到哪里，我都会努力睁开双眼。

一只眼睛观察世界，一只眼睛注视自己。

在我眼里，没有什么不能被设计，

需要的只是观察和重现。

年轻的设计师们，

还请睁开你们的眼镜，

你所迷茫的色彩，

仅仅是因为被乌云蒙蔽。

记住，上帝赐予你的双眼，

就是你设计的利器。

 

色彩，一个让人又爱又恨的词。我们写过很多文章来解释色彩的理论、选择方法、检测方法、趋势分析，但最后回到原点，才想起设计中色彩的意义。有时候我们会用很多理论的东西，来支持我们的选择，但最后表面色彩呈现出来的实际效果，才是CMF中C的最重要的表达。

今天的色彩分享不做任何评论，也不加任何图片，仅仅将和国际色彩大师Leonhard Oberascher的三段精彩采访对话原汁原味的干货呈现给大家，并附上中文翻译，希望大家能真正沉下心思考：CMF中，色彩究竟怎么设计。

 

Dr.leonhard Oberascher（Austria）

国际色彩专家，NCS色彩专家，曾任国际色彩协会（AIC）环境色彩设计研究组组长。擅长产品色彩的趋势研究及建筑色彩、产品材质及灯光设计咨询。

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军团：你会采用什么工具来分析数据以及总结关于色彩方面的想法？

“Which tools will you use to analyze date and summarized your idea in color research?”

Leo：关于色彩趋势的研究，我给大家举个例子：在这里我会结合不同的方法。

当我为客户工作的时候，首先我会分析客户内部数据和竞争对手的数据。了解、总结历史数据和经验非常重要，这样能使我们对未来作出更准确的预测。

Let me give you an example about Colour Trend Research: Also here I combine different methods. 

When I work for a client first of all I analyse the internal and competitors data. It is important to understand the history and the present situation to be able to make assumptions of the future.

然后，我会观察，如果这些数据是否符合我的趋势重现模型（更准确的说：是用户对色彩偏好的重现）。同时，我们会使用不同的方法（书面研究，现场观察，等等），对市场上实际的流行色和趋势进行调查。当然，另外一些非常重要信息来源是我的同事同僚，至关重要的是要有一个优秀的专家网络，我会跟他们咨询和交流想法。

Then I look if these developments fit into my models about the recurrence of trends (or to be more precise: The recurrence of collective colour preferences). At the same time we do a survey about the actual colours and trends in the market using different methods (from desk top research to observation and documentation in the field). Of course another very important source of information are my colleagues. It is essential to have a good network of experts whom one can consult and exchange ideas with.

然后我还会看一些关于时尚，配饰，汽车，室内设计等领域不同的色彩趋势。在这里重要的一点是对趋势信息进行评估，找到什么是有用的，什么是不重要的。

Then I also look at different colour forecasts for fashion, accessories, automotive, interior design …etc. Here it is important to evaluate the information and to select what is useful and what not.

最后还有一个方法就是，观察生活。无论我去到那里，我都会“睁开我的眼睛”。我是一个好奇的人，我总是热衷于了解什么样的产品，生活方式，色彩会被人们喜欢，以及为什么被人们喜欢。所以我会和他们交流并找到答案。我喜欢和我年轻的设计学生进行交流和讨论，他们可以向我学习，同时我也可以从他们身上学到东西。

And finally I just observe life. Where ever I go I keep my eyes open. I am curious and I always like to know what and why people prefer certain products, lifestyle, colours etc. So I just talk to people to find out. And I enjoy to exchange and discuss with my young design students. They can learn from me and I can learn from them.

最后，将这些信息整合在一起，最基本的是对这些信息整合和评估，之后总结并提出明确实际的建议。

At the end of course it is essential to bring all these information together, assess and evaluate them and finally summarize and give clear practical recommendations.

还有就是借助多年的经验来决定哪那些信息与我的用户有关，那些无关。这已经是我的习惯了。

But I am used to it and have many years of professional experience to decide which information is relevant for my client and which one not.”  

军团：在你的眼中，CMF设计中色彩的状态和功能是什么？

In your eyes, what is the status and function of color in CMF design?

Leo：我认为色彩是CMF设计中最重要的维度，在CMF中，C（Colour）排首位，我猜是有理由的。色彩是我们视觉中基础的组成部分。事实上，人们对于色彩的感知先于造型，因为首先我们会看到颜色，其次再认清其造型。我们自身可能不会意识到这个顺序，但是关于人类视觉建立的研究证实了颜色的优先性。事实上，我们周遭一切都是有颜色的，没有无色的东西，如果有什么东西绝对没有颜色，我们就根本看不到它。甚至玻璃都存在颜色，但是如果一个玻璃面板被清洁的很干净，我们就看不到它了，有时我们会一头撞上玻璃门或购物橱窗上。

I would say colour is the most important dimension in CMF design. The term CMF also starts with “C” for Colour and I guess there is a reason for it.  Colour is a fundamental dimension of our vision. In fact the perception of form comes after the perception of colour. First we see colours, than we extract the visual form. We are not aware of this process but studies about the development of human vision confirm the priority of colour. In fact everything around us has a colour. There are no colourless things. If something has absolutely no colour we simply cannot see it. Even glass has a colour. But if a glass panel is freshly cleaned we do not see the colour of it and therefor sometimes bang our head on glass doors or shopping windows.

CMF是来自于汽车行业的术语，我们科学家很喜欢用“色彩外观总成（Total Colour Appearance）”来称呼它。色彩外观总成包括色彩外观展现的所有维度：光泽度，镜面效果，透明度，半透明度，云母效果，其他效果，质地和表面结构。我们不会把这些维度和颜色分开，而是尝试找到表述所有因素组合的总体效果的方法。

CMF is a term that comes from the automotive industry. We scientist prefer the term “Total Colour Appearance”. Total Colour Appearance includes all dimensions that contribute to the appearance of colour: gloss, mirror, transparency, translucency, mica, effects, texture and surface structure. We do not separate these dimensions from colour but try to find methods to measure the total effect of the combinations of all factors.

最后，组合成什么，我们看到的就是什么。这些视觉的合集，也就是色彩外观总成，会影响我们，触发我们的情绪，并提高我们的期望。

At the end what counts is what we see. It is the totality of the image – The total Colour Appearance - that affects us, triggers our emotions and rise expectations in us.”

军团：流行色如何影响消费电子产品？

How the popular color affect the consumer electronic product?

Leo：流行色或者趋势色彩当然会影响消费电子产品，但是怎么影响的并没有一般规律可言。

有一点，我们手边的数码产品（比如手机，耳机等）与时尚的色彩关联性更大。而固定产品比如电视，音响等就另当别论了。他们属于内部空间，更多的是融入室内设计的理念中。

Popular colours or trend colours of course do affect consumer electronic products but there is no general rule how they do. One point is that products which are close to our body – like mobile phones, headphones etc. – are more likely to be chosen in trendy or fashion colours. Stationary products like TV, music set etc. follow other rules. They belong to the interior space and are likely to be integrated in the interior design concept.

然而色彩的创新空间还有很多，我总想知道3C行业为什么为什么在选取颜色时在某些方面非常保守。比如，当电视屏幕关闭时，会显示黑色，这只是环境中一块黑色而已。

Popular colours or trend colours of course do affect consumer electronic products but there is no general rule how they do. One point is that products which are close to our body – like mobile phones, headphones etc. – are more likely to be chosen in trendy or fashion colours. Stationary products like TV, music set etc. follow other rules. They belong to the interior space and are likely to be integrated in the interior design concept. However there is a lot of space for colour innovation and I always wonder why the CCC industry in some aspects is still so conservative when it comes to colour. For example when TV screens are turned off they are black, just black wholes in the environment.

拥有一个巧妙的新创颜色策略，是真的可以打开市场，并在这个领域展现影响力的。

With a clever new colour strategy one could really hit the market and make a difference in this field.

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