上海交通大学设计学院风景园林系2024MLA秋季风景园林工程与数字景观课程回顾

随着城市化进程的加快，鸟类的栖息环境日益萎缩。设计一个能够为鸟类提供栖息场所的公园已成为城市生态设计的必要措施。该项目的目的是通过对鸟类栖息地需求的详细研究，为鸟类创造安全舒适的栖息地，同时也为城市居民提供一个与自然和谐共存的环境。

在设计中，第一步是通过对栖息地的研究，为公园的布局提供依据。鸟类的惊飞距离决定了它们在栖息地的活动范围，因此，合理规划鸟类的栖息地空间，避免人类活动区与鸟类栖息地的直接干扰，可以有效减少鸟类惊吓，保护鸟类的生存空间。平面布局的核心是以菱形为原型，不仅具有美学意义，而且在组织水流、优化地形、防止河岸侵蚀等方面发挥了较好的作用，并根据不同鸟类的栖息地需要，灵活调整菱形单元的大小和垂直高度。湿地鸟类需要相对平坦的区域，森林栖息鸟类则倾向于更高的植被和遮蔽的空间。每个单元之间没有严格的界限，所有景观都像流动的血液，相互滋养，共同构建一个和谐而有弹性的生态系统。

With the acceleration of urbanization, the habitat of birds is shrinking. Designing a park that can provide habitat for birds has become a necessary measure of urban ecological design. The aim of the project is to create a safe and comfortable habitat for birds through a detailed study of their habitat needs, while also providing an environment for urban residents to live in harmony with nature. In the design, the first step is to provide the basis for the layout of the park through the study of the habitat. The flight distance of birds determines their range of activities in the habitat. Therefore, reasonable planning of the habitat space of birds to avoid direct interference between human activity areas and bird habitats can effectively reduce bird fright and protect the living space of birds. The core of the layout is based on the diamond shape, which not only has aesthetic significance, but also plays a good role in organizing water flow, optimizing terrain, preventing bank erosion, etc., and flexibly adjusts the size and vertical height of the diamond shaped unit according to the habitat needs of different birds. Wetland birds require relatively flat areas, while forest-dwelling birds prefer higher vegetation and sheltered Spaces. There are no strict boundaries between each unit, and all landscapes are like flowing blood, nourishing each other and working together to build a harmonious and resilient ecosystem.

该设计模拟了河流水动力学中C形弯道（牛轭湖）的形成，主要解决防洪、治污、人类活动和泥沙沉积问题，旨在减轻海平面上升和洪水入侵对吴淞口的影响。整个设计地块分为“人进水退”“与洪共存”“水进人退”三大空间，再通过整合不同的功能将三大空间细分为各种模块，从而更全面和具体地解决场地中的主要问题，提供动态可持续的解决方案。此外，场地中还为人类活动设计了多样的公共空间，让市民近距离体验水文变化。景观结合自然过程与人工干预，不仅解决了特定场地问题，还提供了防御滨海城市洪水侵袭的景观性措施。

The design simulates the formation of an oxbow lake in river hydrodynamics, primarily addressing flood control, pollution treatment, human activities, and sediment deposition, aiming to mitigate the impact of rising sea levels and flood intrusion on the Wusong Estuary. The entire design plot is divided into three major spaces: " water recedes, people advance," "coexisting with water," and "water advances, people retreat." By integrating various functions, these three spaces are further subdivided into different modules to more comprehensively and specifically address the main issues on site, providing a dynamic and sustainable solution. In addition, the site includes a variety of public spaces designed for human activities, allowing citizens to closely experience hydrological changes. The landscape combines natural processes with artificial interventions, not only solving specific site issues but also offering landscape measures to defend against flood invasions in coastal cities.

场地位于上海市闵行区上海交通大学内部的校园绿地，高架桥横跨场地，只留下两个地下通道联系东西校区，并且制造大量空气污染、噪音干扰和空间浪费，是校园内部校方、师生共同渴望解决的问题。面对场地内部三个主要问题：缺少连接、缺少功能、基础设施匮乏，我们采取了数据支撑和参数化设计的方法解决问题。

首先根据人流潮汐数据使用羊毛算法建立人流来向，如宿舍、教学楼、公路，和人流去向，如社团广场、运动场、棒球场、体育馆，之间的最优路径，其次根据使用强度热力使用磁力线算法为不同运动等级的功能区建立更易于识别和进入的场地边界，如一级运动等级的社团广场、读书角、休憩区，二级运动等级的慢跑道、骑行道，以及三级运动等级的滑板广场、球场、田径场等等。我们希望最终在数据支撑和参数化设计的方法指导下，构建一个规划合理设计新颖的活力校园绿地，实现东西校区的沟通、场地空间的活化和基础设施的更新。

The site is located within the green spaces of Shanghai Jiao Tong University's Minhang Campus, Shanghai. A viaduct spans the site, leaving only two underground passages connecting the east and west campuses. This creates significant issues, including air pollution, noise interference, and wasted space, which are pressing concerns shared by the university administration, faculty, and students.

Addressing three primary challenges—lack of connectivity, insufficient functionality, and inadequate infrastructure—we employed data-driven and parametric design approaches to propose solutions.

Firstly, we utilized pedestrian flow data and the wool-string algorithm to establish optimal pathways connecting key origins, such as dormitories, teaching buildings, and roads, with destinations like the student activity square, sports fields, baseball stadium, and gymnasium. Secondly, based on usage intensity heatmaps, we applied a magnetic field algorithm to define more recognizable and accessible boundaries for functional zones catering to different levels of physical activity. For example, Level 1 zones include the student activity square, reading corners, and relaxation areas; Level 2 zones consist of jogging paths and cycling tracks; and Level 3 zones cover skate parks, ball courts, and athletic fields.

Guided by data-driven insights and parametric design methods, our goal is to create a vibrant campus green space with a rational layout and innovative design. This project aims to foster communication between the east and west campuses, revitalize underutilized spaces, and upgrade the site's infrastructure.

场地是位于福建省漳州市的一座花岗岩采石场，在开采过程中，场地的生态遭受到破坏，而人工开采也留下了独特的场地特征——规整的悬崖切面、方块的花岗岩石料、几何状的台地肌理等，如今规划成为矿坑酒店景观。我们认为，人类的开发不应该对自然造成破坏，而应该将人的需求与生态紧密结合，形成一个有机整体。方块，代表着人的开发、人的利益，也代表着集约高效的开采历史。本设计采用这一具有浓郁场地特征的要素，利用模块化的设计方法，进行一系列生态设计，恢复了陡坡的植物生态，并利用水塘形成湿地，形成独具特色的矿坑酒店、休憩空间、娱乐空间等，既满足人的需求，又创造了生态景观。

The site is a granite quarry located in Zhangzhou City, Fujian province. During the mining process, the ecology of the site was damaged, and the artificial mining also left unique site features -- regular cliff sections, square granite materials, geometric platform texture, etc., which are now planned to become the landscape of the mine hotel. We believe that human development should not cause damage to nature, but should closely integrate human needs and ecology to form an organic whole. The box represents the development of people, people's interests, but also represents the intensive and efficient mining history. This design adopts this element with strong site characteristics, uses the modular design method to carry out a series of ecological design, restores the plant ecology of the steep slope, and uses the pond to form a wetland, forming a unique pit hotel, rest space, entertainment space, etc., which not only meets the needs of people, but also creates an ecological landscape.

Group 01

第一组同学基于黄浦江流域鸟类栖息地不断减少的问题，提出了利用现有滨江绿地建立人鸟共存的生物多样性公园的新模型。其中对鸟类惊飞区和人鸟共存等专项研究较为细致和有特点。利用不同鸟类的惊飞距离，鸟类栖息水深，与人交互性等参数合理设置了不同尺度和景观特征的鸟类栖息区域。利用水动力学原理推导出了菱形为母题的参数化原型，并实现了模块化以及其在总图上的布置。但是模块的推导和演进还有很多可以深化的内容。在此基础上，团队导入了树顶、水面和水下三种观鸟动线，使整体设计较为完整和复合。在观鸟塔的设计上也延续了菱形母题的应用，把构筑物和景观环境融合在一起会更好。

总体设计完成度较高，图面表达较完整，使用了AI生成和参数化软件等新技术完成设计。

The first group of students, based on the problem of the continuous reduction of bird habitats in the Huangpu River basin, proposed a new model of establishing a biodiversity park for coexistence of humans and birds by utilizing the existing riverside green spaces. They conducted relatively detailed and distinctive research on bird flushing zones and human-bird coexistence. By using parameters such as the flushing distances of different birds, the water depth where birds perch, and their interactiveness with humans, they rationally set up bird habitat areas of different sizes and landscape features. They deduced a parametric prototype with a diamond as the theme by using the principle of hydrodynamics, and achieved modularization as well as its layout on the master plan. However, there is still much room for deepening the deduction and evolution of the modules. On this basis, the team introduced three kinds of bird - watching routes: treetop, water surface and underwater, making the overall design more complete and comprehensive. In the design of the bird - watching tower, the application of the diamond theme was also continued. It would be better to integrate the structure with the landscape environment. The overall design has a high degree of completion, and the graphical representation is relatively complete. New technologies such as AI generation and parametric software were used to complete the design.

Group 02

第二组同学从更宏观的视角出发，希望结合水力学基本原理将应对气候变化的防洪驳岸设计成完整的景观生态防护系统。基地选取在了比较有特点的长江河口，既有比较大的潮汐变化，又覆盖了丰富的用地类型。在设计中同学们较好地利用了参数化手法构建了适应不同用地类型的防洪模块原型，并结合水流坡度和功能场地尺寸等参数合理地控制了模块在总图的排布。整体设计中模块的推演和变形是本届同学中最为丰富的，并且尝试设计了与景观一体化的建筑单体。图面表达较为清晰，设计完成度较高。

The second group of students started from a more macro perspective, hoping to combine the basic principles of hydraulics to design a complete landscape ecological protection system for flood prevention banks to deal with climate change. The site was selected at the quite distinctive Yangtze River estuary, which has relatively large tidal changes and covers a variety of land types. In the design, the students made good use of parametric methods to construct flood prevention module prototypes that are adaptable to different land types, and rationally controlled the layout of the modules on the master plan by combining parameters such as water slope and functional site size. Among all the students, the deduction and deformation of modules in the overall design of this group are the most abundant, and they also tried to design building units that are integrated with the landscape. The graphical representation is relatively clear, and the design has a high degree of completion.

Group03

第三组同学从最优化交通动线的视角出发，试图将原本割裂的两块基地和若干功能体块用完整的交通网格重新整合和统一在一起。设计中应用了羊毛算法和磁力线原理以获取最佳人类行为动线。整体构思较为新颖，在数据收集和模块推导上也比较深入。但是最终生成的网格希望进一步突出张力感，在总图上形成清晰的网格落位。总体来说是，本组同学做了一个非常有价值的尝试，希望未来有机会再能深入推敲总图，将整体设计表达完整。

The third group of students started from the perspective of optimizing traffic routes, trying to reintegrate and unify the originally separated two plots of land and several functional blocks with a complete traffic grid. The design applied the wool algorithm and the principle of magnetic lines to obtain the best human behavior routes. The overall concept is quite novel, and the data collection and module deduction are also relatively in - depth. However, the finally generated grid hopes to further highlight the sense of tension and form a clear grid positioning on the master plan. Overall, the students of this group have made a very valuable attempt. It is hoped that in the future, there will be an opportunity to further refine the master plan and express the overall design completely.

Group 04

第四组同学从生态修复和旅游度假两个维度出发，对因为采石开采污染的矿坑再利用提出来一个有趣的解决方案。根据基地巨大的高差，合理利用了参数化设计方案，结合现场陡峭的岩石肌理，设计了人行和车行动线以及雨水汇流等动线。将生态修复，休闲度假和挡土护坡等不同模块布置在相应动线上，为后续矿坑经营的可持续运营提供了可能。整体设计概念比较完整，模块的推演和分布相对合理。但是最后的视觉呈现可以更清晰明确，特别是结合实际使用场景表达更加生动和准确。

The fourth group of students started from the two dimensions of ecological restoration and vacation tourism, and proposed an interesting solution for the reuse of the mine pit polluted by stone mining. Based on the huge height difference of the site, they reasonably utilized the parametric design scheme, combined with the steep rock texture on site, and designed the pedestrian and vehicle routes as well as the rainwater convergence routes. They arranged different modules such as ecological restoration, leisure vacation and soil retaining slope protection on the corresponding routes, which provided the possibility for the sustainable operation of the subsequent mine pit management. The overall design concept is relatively complete, and the deduction and distribution of the modules are relatively reasonable. However, the final visual presentation could be clearer and more explicit, especially the expression combined with the actual usage scenarios could be more vivid and accurate.

《风景园林工程与数字景观》这门课程让我收获颇丰。在学习过程中，我深刻体会到数字技术为风景园林设计带来的无限可能。通过GRASSHOPPER计算、三维建模等技术，我们能够以全新的视角呈现设计作品，打破时间和空间的限制，让设计更加生动、直观。这门课程不仅拓宽了我的设计视野，更引领我拓展了不一样的设计思维。它让我明白，在设计中要善于运用数字技术的力量，挖掘更多创意与灵感。同时，也让我认识到，无论技术如何发展，对自然与人文的关怀始终是风景园林设计的核心，让我满怀期待地迎接未来的挑战。

— 严梦玲

The "Landscape Engineering and Digital Landscape" course has been incredibly rewarding. During the learning process, I deeply experienced the infinite possibilities that digital technology brings to landscape architecture design. Through technologies like GRASSHOPPER computation and 3D modeling, we can present design works from entirely new perspectives, breaking the limitations of time and space, making designs more vivid and intuitive. This course not only broadened my design horizons but also led me to develop different design thinking. It made me understand the importance of leveraging digital technology's power in design to explore more creativity and inspiration. Meanwhile, it also helped me realize that regardless of technological advancement, care for nature and humanity remains the core of landscape architecture design, making me look forward to future challenges with anticipation.   

— Yan Mengling  

接近半个学期的课程，时间很短，但是没想到在这么短的时间里，通过系统的学习，我们也建立起了对参数化设计的初步了解。参数化的设计逻辑训练让我们接触了新的设计方法，详尽的软件零基础教学让我们对于参数化设计软件有了操作基础，业内探索新技术的专家讲座扩展了我们的视野，这些都给我们未来理论和实践学习带来了更多的可能。  

— 黄艳  

Though the course lasted only about half a semester, surprisingly, in such a short time, through systematic learning, we developed a preliminary understanding of parametric design. The parametric design logic training introduced us to new design methods, detailed software tutorials for beginners gave us operational foundations in parametric design software, and expert lectures on industry exploration of new technologies broadened our horizons. All these have brought more possibilities for our future theoretical and practical learning.

— Huang Yan

我不仅提升了自己的建模技能，还深入学习了Grasshopper的应用，这让我在数字景观设计方面有了显著的进步。通过课程，我掌握了如何利用AIGC技术为景观设计赋能，这为我的设计思路打开了新的视野。老师们的多专业视角和创造性建议，使我在完成课程作业时能够更加全面地考虑问题。这门课程不仅增强了我的技术能力，也让我得到与资深从业者面对面交流的机会，让我对风景园林工程的未来发展方向有了更深的理解和期待。

— 林思栩

I not only improved my modeling skills but also deeply learned the application of Grasshopper, which led to significant progress in digital landscape design. Through the course, I mastered how to empower landscape design using AIGC technology, which opened new perspectives for my design thinking. The teachers' multi-disciplinary perspectives and creative suggestions enabled me to consider issues more comprehensively when completing coursework. This course not only enhanced my technical capabilities but also provided opportunities to interact face-to-face with experienced practitioners, giving me a deeper understanding and expectation of future developments in landscape architecture engineering.

— Lin Sixu

在数字景观课程中，我深入了解了如何通过参数化设计工具对景观进行分析与模拟，数字景观设计思维与传统设计有很大的不同，传统的规划设计基于经验的积累，而数字景观则直接指向环境的客观变化规律，数字景观打破了我对设计的认知。通过这门课程，我意识到数字技术在风景园林设计中的巨大潜力，它为我们提供了更精确的工具来应对各种设计挑战。未来，我希望能够将这些技能融入到我后续的学习和未来工作中去。

— 侯晓宇

In the digital landscape course, I gained a deep understanding of how to analyze and simulate landscapes through parametric design tools. Digital landscape design thinking differs greatly from traditional design - traditional planning design is based on accumulated experience, while digital landscape directly addresses objective environmental change patterns, which broke my understanding of design. Through this course, I realized the enormous potential of digital technology in landscape architecture design, as it provides us with more precise tools to address various design challenges. In the future, I hope to integrate these skills into my subsequent studies and future work.

— Hou Xiaoyu

这个学期的数字景观课程让我收获颇丰。我深入了解了前沿的数字景观技术，例如投影技术、交互技术、监测技术等等，仿佛打开了新世界景观设计的大门。在学习数字化建模与参数化设计时，起初觉得grasshoppers技术有些晦涩难懂，但随着课程推进，逐渐掌握了其中的思路与方法。最让我兴奋的是将参数化设计付诸实践，以多目标优化思路设计校园绿地。从构思到落地，每一个环节都充满挑战，但也让我成就感满满。这门课程不仅提升了我的专业技能，更让我明白科技与自然景观融合的无限可能，为我未来的职业发展奠定了坚实基础。

— 杨宇轩

This semester's digital landscape course has been highly rewarding. I gained deep insights into cutting-edge digital landscape technologies, such as projection technology, interactive technology, monitoring technology, and more, as if opening a door to a new world of landscape design. When learning digital modeling and parametric design, I initially found Grasshopper technology somewhat obscure and difficult to understand, but as the course progressed, I gradually mastered its principles and methods. What excited me most was putting parametric design into practice, designing campus green spaces with a multi-objective optimization approach. From conception to implementation, every step was challenging but also gave me a great sense of achievement. This course not only enhanced my professional skills but also helped me understand the unlimited possibilities of integrating technology with natural landscapes, laying a solid foundation for my future career development.

— Yang Yuxuan